Assessing the Relocation of Artemis Lunar Surface Concepts

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has defined a functionally based Moon to Mars (M2M) architecture consisting initially of four key human exploration segments: human lunar return (HLR), foundational exploration (FE), sustained lunar evolution (SLE), and humans to Mars (H2M) [1]. These segments are portions of the architecture which represent a stepwise increase in complexity and achievement of M2M objectives. As systems are deployed during the FE segment, it may be desired or even necessary to relocate these elements on the lunar surface. While some Artemis elements under development, such as rovers, are being designed for mobility during both crewed and uncrewed/dormant periods, other element concepts do not currently carry a mobility capability. A team was assembled to establish a methodology for assessing the feasibility of relocating normally stationary elements. Such a capability could be applied locally or regionally, and might allow for re-purposing previously occupied terrain, expansion of exploration range, aggregation of habitation elements, or retiring systems at the end of their useful service life.The NASA team investigated the relocation trade space through defining a representative concept of operations and assessing possible system impacts. The team focused predominately on the relocation of medium and large surface habitat architectural concepts through surface-based traverses utilizing separable mobility platforms. A representative mobility platform model was placed through simulation to analyze the possible energy requirements and dynamic illumination impacts. Preliminary assessment indicated that element relocation might be achievable, however significant system and architectural-level risks still need to be quantified to properly evaluate the methodology. Future analysis will assist in determining what degree of element relocation provides the greatest benefit to achieving a sustained lunar presence.