Convolutional Neural Network-Based Protection-Zone Classification of Faults in Distribution Feeders with Photovoltaics

Fault detection and isolation is critical for reliable operation of distribution systems. The ride-through require-ments for the distributed energy resources (DER), mandated by the IEEE 1547–2018 standard, makes it challenging to use undervoltage (UV) conditions for fault detection. In addition, with low fault current contribution from these inverter-based DERs, the time-overcurrent relays are also less effective. Thus motivated, this paper presents a learning-based approach for fault detection and localization. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model is proposed which uses local voltage and current waveforms from DER locations and feeder substations, for training a zonal classifier. The classifier can be adopted into any relay-like device for discriminating between faults originating from different protection zones. The performance of the proposed approach was tested on publicly available test feeders with distributed photovoltaics (PVs).