Exploration of Influencing Factors of Land Surface Temperature in Cities Within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region Based on Local Climate Zone Scheme

Clarifying the factors that influence land surface temperature (LST) is crucial for proposing specific LST mitigation strategies. This article focuses on the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region and investigates the LST influencing factors of various local climate zone (LCZ) built types from perspectives of urban morphology, land cover, and human activity. The results suggest that the areas of urban LCZ built types vary across cities within the BTH region, attributed to differences in city size and gross domestic product (GDP). The area of urban LCZ built types in Beijing and Tianjin, cities with significantly high city sizes and GDP, exceeds 2000 km
²
. In contrast, in Qinhuangdao, Zhangjiakou, and Chengde, which have relatively low GDP, this area is less than 500 km
²
. However, the main LST influencing factors for the same LCZ built type across cities are highly consistent. Building coverage ratio (BCR), average building height (ABH), and pervious surface fraction (PSF) are the three most important factors. The correlation between BCR and LST is mainly concentrated on compact high-rise and open high-rise types, with Pearson correlation coefficient (
r
) ranging from 0.2 to 0.44; the correlation between ABH and LST is mainly concentrated on compact high-rise, compact mid-rise, open high-rise, and open mid-rise types, with
r
ranging from −0.2 to −0.52; the correlation between PSF and LST is concentrated on almost all LCZ built types in cities within the BTH region, with
r
ranging from −0.2 to −0.56. By integrating these findings with the features of each LCZ built type within the BTH region, the specific LST mitigation strategies were further proposed. This article can help to develop specific LST mitigation strategies within the context of coordinated development of the BTH region, thereby promoting healthy and sustainable development in the region.