Targeting Nanocarriers Combined with Photothermal Thrombolytic Therapy Tested from In Vitro, and Thrombosis Vessel-On-A-Chip, to In Vivo

In this study, we proposed a thrombosis vessel-on-a-chip microfluidic model for thrombosis-related targeted nanoparticles (NPs) evaluation. Assessments with human blood flow and inflammatory endothelium confirmed its highly precise homing to activated thrombus microenvironments and efficient near infrared-phototherapeutic effects at thrombus lesions under a physiological flow environment ex vivo. Its clot lysis performance in a microfluidic system was comparable to that of an in vivo model experiment. This combined experimental, microfluidic, and in vivo work confirms the potential of (GCPIH) NPs for thrombus therapy and presents a promising platform to develop thrombolytic nanomedicines.