Development of Hollow Typed Microneedles Patch with Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensor Based on Polylactic Acid

The emerging use of microneedles (MNs)-based electrochemical sensors presents an intriguing minimally invasive approach for real-time monitoring of analytes in the interstitial fluid (ISF). However, maintaining biocompatibility and preventing biofouling of the electrodes remain significant obstacles to their widespread adoption. In this study, we fabricated a biocompatible polylactic acid (PLA) hollow-shaped MNs patch for transdermal ISF extraction for the first time. Additionally, we employed cyanide-free electroless gold plating to realize high-quality Au metallization of PLA with excellent stability and electrochemical performance. Furthermore, an enzyme containing redox polymer hydrogel with antifouling nature was realized on PLA/Au towards safely high-sensitive continuous glucose monitoring.