Design of Emotional Cues of Pedagogical Agents in a Virtual Eyeball Learning System: A Pilot Study

Desktop virtual reality (VR) technology is widely used in experimental teaching and learning, and pedagogical agents also play various roles in education to facilitate learners' learning. However, while many studies have verified the great potential of pedagogical agents' emotional cues in multimedia learning, few of them involve virtual experimental learning with strong interaction. According to social agency theory and emotional response theory, this study designed an eyeball structure experimental learning system based on pedagogical agents and designed the positive and neutral emotional cues of pedagogical agents from the visual and auditory channels, aiming to explore learners' perception of emotional cues in different channels (visual/auditory) of pedagogical agents. The learning system was initially tested and analysed for the validity of the condition variables.