Recycling Chicken Bones into Environmentally-Friendly Products is a Step Towards Achieving the Sustainable Saudi Vision 2030

Objective: The human consumes meat daily from plants, animals, and fish. Chicken and eggs are beneficial in many diets worldwide due to their high protein content and affordability. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the third country in the world that consumes chicken meat. Producing food is one of the causes of global warming and causes the world to suffer from flooding and increases the temperature of the earth. Sustainable agricultural practices are increasingly vital to address the challenges of food security and environmental conservation. These emphasize the need for communities to coexist harmoniously with nature, promoting sustainability in various aspects, including food production and recycling. This study designed and built a system that can transfer the chicken bone into a material that can used in agriculture as organic fertilizer. The process involves converting discarded chicken bones into nutrient-rich additives for soil, promoting sustainable farming practices and waste reduction. Methods: The chicken bones were recycled by mixing the dry bone with food waste such as eggshells, and banana peels and used tea in the proposed smart system. The prototype explains the methods clearly. The prototype explained the methods trial data was collected the results are promising and the system is smart and reliable. Results: The chicken bones were transferred into fertilizer. The speed of transformation depends on several factors such as heat, bone size, bone weight, and the power of the mixer. The time required to achieve the results for whole chicken weighted 1000 (g) is 20 hours to transfer to soil and 10 hours with heat. These results are useful for the chicken farming industry today, especially the chicken farmers. ANOVA statistical analysis indicates a significant difference with p <.05 in the fermentation process in both methods without heat and heat. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the smart recycling of chicken bones. The ability to use chicken bone in combination with waste food could help improve eco-friendly food production. The outcomes of this study could enhance the recycling of chicken bones into fertilizer and develop the soil with essential nutrients like calcium and phosphorus, enhancing soil fertility and supporting plant growth. Also, this research project contributes to sustainable agriculture practices, which are vital for long-term food security and it is compatible with Saudi Green Initiatives and Saudi Vision 2023 confirming the importance of the resource's sustainability.