Lifespan and Carbon Cost of Battery Storage in Operation

The widespread use of energy storage batteries alarms the consideration of its operational characteristics. In addition to measuring the lifespan of batteries based on the number of charges and discharges, their capacity loss during use has also to be addressed. To avoid situations where the real capacity in operation fails to meet the planned capacity for use, this paper proposes a life-constrained battery energy storage system (BESS) planning model that takes the storage degradation into consideration. To enable this planning model, a linear approximation of the battery degradation process is first proposed, which can be embedded into its battery operation model and in turn the planning framework. Alongside, the carbon cost of the entire life cycle of energy storage batteries can also be calculated, which facilitates the precise carbon calculation of energy supply. Simulation shows that the proposed purposed life-constrained BESS planning helps to accurately assign the battery size for its real use, and at the same time reduce the carbon emission of the whole system.