Joint Rebalancing and Vehicle-to-Grid Coordination of EVs Through An Aggregative Game Model

The cooperation of rebalancing and vehicle-to-grid services by electric vehicle (EV) drivers can help alleviate traffic congestion and provide flexible power resources. This paper introduces a game model where a fleet of EV drivers make both routing and discharging decisions to maximize their own utility. The utility of EV drivers is affected by various factors, including travel time, rebalancing utility and discharging utility. Moreover, their routing and discharging decisions are also constrained by the road capacity and charging station capacity. An aggregative game model is established to describe the non-cooperative behavior of EV drivers, where the utility of each driver is affected by the aggregate effect of others. To preserve the privacy of individual EV drivers, a semi-decentralized algorithm is employed to obtain the equilibrium point, i.e., the generalized aggregative equilibrium. Simulation experiments are conducted on the Nguyen Dupuis network and the IEEE 33-bus system. The result shows a considerable rebalancing effect, demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm.