Microwave Antenna Based For Sensing Glucose Changes In Blood

A cost-effective and user-friendly antenna-based sensor designed for glucose detection is proposed in this paper. The proposed designs use FR4 low-cost substrate and with footprints of $15 \times 20 \times 1.6 \mathrm{~mm}^{3}, 30 \times 40 \times 1.6 \mathrm{~mm}^{3}$, and $60 \times 100 \times 1.6 \mathrm{~mm}^{3}$, respectively. The proposed sensing mechanism is based on electromagnetic coupling between patch radiator elements. The performance of the antennas shows distinct categories of sensing capabilities by optimizing the position of finger and the proposed sensors. The simulated and experimental results are in good agreement with and without finger phantom models. Simulated results show a high sensitivity in measuring differences on a small range of glucose changes from $0 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$ to $200 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$.