Adaptive Frequency Control Strategy for PMSG-Based Wind Turbines With Improved Rotor Speed Recovery

In modern power systems, the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources has reduced frequency stability. Consequently, wind turbines (WTs) are expected to participate in frequency regulation. By integrating the electrostatic energy stored in the DC capacitor with the kinetic energy stored in the rotating mass of the WT, an advanced control method is implemented to facilitate frequency regulation. However, previous studies have mainly concentrated on frequency control using WTs but ignored the rotor speed recovery of WT. Therefore, this work proposes a novel control strategy that separates the operating mode of a WT into two distinct states: the frequency support and the recovery of rotation speed stages. The proposed method improves the recovery process for rotor speeds after a WT participates in frequency support, returning the WT quickly to its normal operation to reduce wind energy loss. Furthermore, a new adaptive DC virtual inertia (DVIC) coefficient that utilizes real-time DC voltage to adjust the DVIC’s output smoothly is proposed. The proposed strategy is compared with other mature control strategies and implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify their effectiveness and robustness. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other mature methods because it reduces wind energy loss by at least 15 % when WTs participate in the frequency support process.