Multidimensional Evaluation Method for the Operational Status of Photovoltaic Arrays in Large-Scale PV Power Stations

As the core and critical component of photovoltaic (PV) power stations, accurately evaluating the operational status of PV arrays is key to enabling intelligent operation of the power station. In the actual power station, only current and voltage data of the PV array are available, but the outputs of PV arrays exhibit noticeable random fluctuations, making it challenging to comprehensively evaluate the PV arrays in terms of power generation, data quality, and stability. To solve the above problems, this article proposed evaluation indicators for the operational status of arrays from multiple dimensions, including data quality, normalized generated power, performance ratio, dynamic performance, and stability of the arrays. The indicators were calculated individually, and then a comprehensive evaluation and recognition of the arrays’ operational status were achieved through the utilization of weight calculation and quantile method. The article presented a systematic approach for evaluating the operational status of PV arrays using multidimensional evaluation indicators and the comprehensive evaluation method innovatively. The proposed multidimensional indicators provide a comprehensive evaluation of the PV arrays' operational status, without requiring any additional hardware investment. This study aims to provide a theoretical and practical foundation to effectively monitor the operational status of PV arrays. Compared with the traditional fuzzy C-means method, the method can give quantitative evaluation results of the operational status for PV arrays.