Energy Management in Hybrid Electric and Hybrid Energy Storage System Vehicles: A Fuzzy Logic Controller Review

The transportation sector, a significant contributor to carbon dioxide emissions as of 2020, confronts a pressing challenge in mitigating pollution. Electric Vehicles (EVs) present a promising solution, offering a cleaner alternative; however, their limited travel range poses a constraint. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Hybrid Energy Storage System Electric Vehicles (HESS EVs) emerge as economically feasible compromises. Nonetheless, the effective management of energy and the optimization of power source size remain crucial challenges for both HEVs and HESS EVs. Among various Energy Management Strategies (EMS), the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) stands out for its performance, simplicity, and real-time applicability. This article comprehensively explores the diverse applications of FLC as an EMS in both HEVs and HESS EVs, providing a comparative analysis with other EMS methods and delving into the advantages and challenges associated with each approach. A detailed examination of various FLC types employed as EMS has been conducted, drawing insights from a multitude of references. Each class of FLC EMS is scrutinized, presenting a broad overview of proposed methodologies within each category. By providing this comprehensive information, the article equips readers with foundational knowledge and insights for the continued development of FLC EMS in hybrid electric and hybrid energy storage system electric vehicles.