Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in VANETs using OSM, SUMO, and NS2

With growing urbanization there is a need to manage vehicle-to-vehicle communication for intelligent communication in congested traffic. The performance of the widely used routing protocols AODV, DSDV, DSR, LAR, and ZRP is examined in this research in relation to traffic circumstances on a particular highway. Utilizing OSM data, integrated with NS2 and SUMO, realistic traffic scenarios are simulated. ZRP is a hybrid protocol that handles local communication within zones and LAR bridges the gap between the nodes and zones. This increases communication efficiency. Simulation of scenarios gives a clearer idea of how the dissemination is happening and helps in performance analysis. The protocols are assessed using important performance criteria in this study by means of a methodical approach that includes data collecting, simulation, and execution. Comparison of the metrics for the protocols helps in protocol selection for given scenarios, optimization, and standardized evaluation. The specific metrics considered for performance evaluation include Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End-to-End Delay, Average Throughput, Packet Drop Rate, and Normalized Routing Load.