Embroidered Antenna-based Sensor for Real-Time Natremia monitoring

This paper presents a feasibility study of a textile antenna-based sensor to monitor natremia levels in real-time. The proposed device is composed of a square ring implemented on a textile substrate to detect different concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl). The textile substrate can absorb different concentration solutions of sodium through a square ring slot which contains maximum electric field distribution. Consequently, the dielectric properties of the substrate are changed according to the properties of the liquid absorbed in the sensing area. The designed antenna-based sensor is optimized to operate at 2.4GHz. The results demonstrated the capability of the proposed antenna sensor to detect different natremia levels, including hyponatremia (110-130mmol/L), normonatremia (135-145mmol/L) and hypernatremia (150-170mmol/L), with a sensitivity of 39 kHz/(mg/dL). In addition to its capacity for detecting varying sodium concentrations associated with different natremia levels, the proposed antenna sensor offers several advantages, including low cost, compact size and simplistic design.