An Eigenvector-Supported Optimization Method for Holographic-Based Leaky Wave Antennas

A novel eigenvector-supported optimization method for holographic-based leaky wave antennas is presented. To assign the analytical impedance tensor hologram onto a pixel geometry, a 3D-eigenmode tensor database is utilized. The optimization process calculates the pixel orientation angles of the analytical tensor and the assigned eigenmode impedance tensor based on their respective eigenvectors for each unit cell. If a pixel angle deviation is observed, the correction algorithm is applied to minimize the error between the analytical tensor and the eigenmode tensor. This results in an optimized impedance tensor hologram and a more accurate realization of the anisotropy degree through the corresponding pixel geometry parameters. Employing the eigenvector-based optimization approach, a holographic-based leaky wave antenna is fabricated on a fused silica wafer for an operational frequency of 160 GHz. The measured far field pattern shows a gain of 33.2 dBi, leading to an aperture efficiency of 34.6 % and a side-lobe level of -29 dB at 160 GHz.