HRPE-Enhanced AI-Based 5G Indoor Localization in Presence of Specular and Dense Multipaths

Fifth generation (5G) communication systems are expected to provide an ubiquitous solution for indoor positioning, and deep neural networks (DNNs) have been recently proposed for this purpose. However, DNN-based positioning solutions are in general very dependent on the training data. In this paper, an architecture for positioning based on wireless signals is proposed, namely the SAGE-Enhanced CEAP (SE-CEAP). The architecture considers firstly an enhancement of the acquired Channel State Information (CSI) data by means of a high-resolution parameter estimation (HRPE) method, namely the space-alternating generalized-expectation maximization (SAGE) algorithm, and secondly a specifically designed DNN for localization, namely the CNN-Enblock AI Positioning (CEAP). The provided results, considering a realistic 5G New Radio (NR) deployment in an indoor scenario, show that the proposed architecture outperforms other classical DNN-based localization approaches, not only in localization accuracy, but also in generalizability of the results, which is a common drawback of DNN-based solutions.