Routing in Optical Network-on-Chip: Minimizing Contention with Guaranteed Thermal Reliability

Communication contention and thermal susceptibility are two potential issues in optical network-on-chip (ONoC) architecture, which are both critical for ONoC designs. However, minimizing conflict and guaranteeing thermal reliability are incompatible in most cases. In this paper, we present a routing criterion in the network level. Combined with device-level thermal tuning, it can implement thermal-reliable ONoC. We further propose two routing approaches (including a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and a heuristic algorithm (CAR)) to minimize communication conflict based on the guaranteed thermal reliability, and meanwhile, miti-gate the energy overheads of thermal regulation in the presence of chip thermal variations. By applying the criterion, our approaches achieve excellent performance with largely reduced complexity of design space exploration. Evaluation results on synthetic communication traces and realistic benchmarks show that the MILP-based approach achieves an average of 112.73% improvement in communication performance and 4.18% reduction in energy overhead compared to state-of-the-art techniques. Our heuristic algorithm only introduces 4.40% performance difference compared to the optimal results and is more scalable to large-size ONoCs.