Internet of Things-Enabled Vessel Monitoring System for Enhanced Maritime Safety and Tracking at Sea

This paper describes a system designed for tracking vessels in maritime environments. The system includes 10 base stations that cover the major regions of the territorial waters of Pakistan. Each base station has two reception towers that can pick up signals from ships on four VHF frequencies. The data is modulated using Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK-500) and sent to a base station, where it is processed using a demodu-lator for BPSK-500 signals. Various data processing algorithms implemented in Python programming language are then used for further data processing. The system was tested by tracking the GPS coordinates of two vessels and plotting them on an interactive map. The results indicate that the system is accurate in tracking vessels' locations, even at large distances. Additionally, the system can determine the distance between a vessel and a base station with a high accuracy of about 50 meters. However, further research is necessary to determine how well the system can track multiple vessels simultaneously.