A Review of Fault Detection and Diagnosis Approaches for Photovoltaic Systems Using Voltage and Current Analysis

Over the previous decade, there has occurred a substantial worldwide proliferation in the utilisation of photovoltaic systems (PVSs) for the aim of utilizing solar power. Nevertheless, it is significant to acknowledge that faults can manifest in various components of these systems, including modules, connection lines, converters, and inverters. When left unaddressed, these faults, whether in stand-alone or grid- connected PVSs, can significantly impact the system’s overall performance, energy output, security and reliability. Consequently, implementing fault detection and diagnostic (FDD) technologies becomes paramount to ensure optimal operational efficiency, system dependability, and the safety of PV installations. The principal aim of this study is to comprehensively analyze the numerous classifications of failures that may arise in PVSs while offering a complete evaluation of FDD methods that depend on the analysis of current and voltage data. The present article aims to classify data analysis methodologies according to the distinct fault detection techniques, the specific type of failure being targeted, the parameters being measured and the methodology being employed.