PAPR Reduction in MIMO-OFDM using Nonlinear Inertia Weight Factor of Whale Optimization Algorithm

In the landscape of optimization for mitigating the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems, prevalent techniques like the tone reservation scheme and l-norm Cyclic Algorithm (LNCA) algorithm grapple with inherent challenges linked to computational complexity and iterative algorithm derivation. While strides have been made with models such as Twin Symbol Hybrid Optimization by the premise of Partial Transmit Sequence (TSHO-PTS) and Advanced Switching Differential Evolution (ASDE), persistent concerns related to symbol overlaps and algorithmic limitations underscore the need for further refinement in computational efficiency within OFDM-based communication systems. In response to these challenges, the proposed Nonlinear Inertia Weight Factor within the Whale Optimization Algorithm (NIWF-WOA) emerges as a solution. Comparative analysis against existing methods like LCNA, Modified Dragonfly Optimization algorithm (MDOA), TSHO-PTS, and ASDE reveals the superior performance of NIWF-WOA. Numerical validation affirms its efficacy, with a recorded in Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10
^−2.5
, SNR 10
^−3.4
and PAPR of
^.
10
^−4.2
, underscoring the substantial improvement achieved by NIWF-WOA in optimizing PAPR reduction for MIMO-OFDM systems.