Optimization of Tram Scheduling under Passive Signal Priority Based on Fuzzy Mathematical Programming

This study focuses on tram operations under passive signal priority conditions. Considering the optimization objectives of trams and cars, a timetable optimization model based on PM-BAND is constructed. According to the characteristics of the model, the multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into a single objective optimization problem based on the fuzzy mathematical programming method. Empirical results indicate that the model not only improves tram operation efficiency but also achieves an adaptive division of mainline green waves. Compared to actual planned travel times, the optimized timetable reduces the total travel time by 25.6%. Case analysis confirms the effectiveness of the model and methodology.