A Planar Time-Modulated Array With Integrated 2-bit Phase Modulators

In this communication, the implementation and experimental validation of harmonic beamforming in a planar 2-bit time-modulated array (TMA) is proposed. The incorporation of a 2-bit phase modulators effectively enhances the complex architecture, substantial dimensions, and limited integration level observed in existing TMA. By utilizing real/imaginary part modulation and time shift in Fourier transform, the optimization process is streamlined, enabling the desired weighting of both amplitude and phase without relying on T/R modules. Both simulation and experimental results confirm the array’s capability for low-sidelobe beam scanning and flat-top beam forming at the +1st-harmonic frequency.