Investigation of the Features of Ricocheting Ionospheric Propagation of Decameter Radio Waves

The ray and caustic features of the ricocheting propagation of decameter radio waves in the Earth's ionosphere have been studied. The rays and caustic structures of radio waves during trans-ionospheric channeled propagation of radiation from an elevated source are calculated using the bicharacteristics method. Ray oscillations arising during circumnavigation of the world have been studied. Using the extended bicharacteristic system method, the Jacobian of the ray flux divergence and, on its basis, the attenuation of the radio signal are calculated.