Integration of Government Regulations to Anticipate Terrorist Threats in the Misuse of Chemicals as Chemical Weapons

Armed conflicts occur in various parts of the world and result in many casualties and material losses. Weapons of mass destruction are one of the most feared weapons, along with the emergence of chemical, nuclear, radiological, biological, and explosive weapons. The use of weapons of mass destruction is prohibited, but their production is still uncontrolled making it possible for various parties such as terrorists, to easily use available chemical weapons raw materials such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) bombs and the like. In addition, chemical weapons whose distribution in liquid or gas form is not regulated by the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) can cause long-term damage, such as the risk of permanent burns or long-term illness and even infect victims after they expire. Of course, these cases represent a threat to national security due to the irresponsible availability of chemicals to the public or what are called man-made disasters. Therefore, similar incidents need to be avoided to minimize the damage they cause. Society 5.0 can leverage information and communication technology to strengthen early detection systems and prompt responses to terrorist threats involving the misuse of chemicals as chemical weapons. This research was conducted through a systematic literature review in the form identifying, assessing, and interpreting all findings on a research topic to answer research question. The aim of this research is to analyze strategies for preventing chemicals used as chemical weapons through controlling Law Number 9 of 2008. The results of the research show that the rules regarding the control and supervision of chemicals used as chemical weapons are still being enforcedand ineffective. Indonesia in general is still vulnerable to the circulation of chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the role of all relevant stakeholders in forming and controlling the Indonesian chemical industry against the threat of dual use.