Placement of Charging Sites for Off-Service Battery Electric Bus in Transit Networks

Battery electric buses (BEBs) have received significant recognition as an environmentally conscious and sustainable means of transportation. Placement of charging stations to ensuring efficient and consistent charging of BEBs is a significant challenge in an electrified public transit network. This paper introduces the Constrained Greedy Clustering (CGC) algorithm, a data-driven approach for hierarchically determining optimal charging placement locations. The algorithm aims to minimize energy consumption and optimize charging load distribution in transit networks using clustering techniques. This improves the placement of charging sites for off-service BEBs in transit networks, aiming to minimize energy consumption and balance the charging sites' load.