Research on risk identification and industrial governance of digital education products based on data annotation technology

The social transformation brought about by digital technology is deeply impacting various industries. Digital education products, with core technologies such as 5G, AI, IoT (Internet of Things), etc., are continuously penetrating areas such as teaching, management, and evaluation. Apps, miniprograms, and emerging large-scale models are providing excellent knowledge performance and flexible cross-media output. However, they also expose risks such as content discrimination and algorithm commercialization. This paper conducts an evidence-based analysis of digital education product risks from four dimensions: “digital resources-information dissemination-algorithm design-cognitive assessment”. It breaks through corresponding identification technologies and, relying on the diverse characteristics of governance systems, explores governance strategies for digital education products from the three domains of “regulators-developers-users”.