IT/OT Convergence Protocols: DNP3, Ethernet/IP, and Modbus

The convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) systems is becoming a ne-cessity. In the context of IT/OT convergence, various protocols are widely employed to enable smooth communication and data exchange between IT and OT systems. It is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the networking and data flow between these systems in order to effectively identify and address potential security risks. This study aims to explore several common protocols utilized in IT/OT convergence and examine their strengths and weaknesses. This initial exploration will serve as a foundation for further investigation into potential security breaches and the development of appropriate countermeasures in the context of IT/OT convergence.