Preprocessing-Based Fast Design of Multiple EM Structures With One Deep Neural Network

Deep learning (DL) plays a vital role in the design of electromagnetic (EM) structures. However, in current research, a single neural network typically supports only one structure design and requires a complex framework to accommodate multiple structure designs. This article proposes using one neural-assisted design for facilitating multiple EM structures. We use two filling methods to control the vector length, an identification method to ensure accurate prediction results, and a random auxiliary vectors method to increase the data volume and reduce loss. Subsequently, we design a forward neural network (FNN) and an inverse neural network (INN) using the proposed method. The developed neural network is used to complete the dual-passband frequency-selective surface (DP-FSS), space–time-coding digital metasurface element (STCDME), single-/dual-band absorbing metasurface (SDAM), and dual-stopband frequency-selective surface (DS-FSS) designs. The mean absolute error (MAE) loss values for FNN/INN predictions and actual results for these four structures are 0.019/0.116, 0.035/0.602, 5.14/0.146, and 0.018/0.07, respectively. Finally, we design four structures with the well-training network, fabricate DP-FSS and DS-FSS, and measure them in an anechoic chamber. The measurement and simulation results are in good agreement. The proposed method significantly reduces the complexity of multiple EM structure designs, decreases the need for multiple neural networks, and simplifies the design framework, thereby contributing to the development of AI-assisted EM structures.