Detailed Study of Routing Protocols of Optimization of Vehicular Type of Ad Hoc N/W

Special attention is dedicated to VANETs, highlighting their crucial role in enhancing road safety through direct vehicle-to-vehicle communication. This paper explores the comprehensive review on position-based routing protocol and table-driven routing protocol like Simple forwarding over trajectory (SIFT), Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility (DREAM) and destination sequence Distance vector (DSDV). The foundational components involve Ad Hoc networks and position-based routing protocols, utilizing geographical information to make informed routing decisions. The primary objective is to improve communication in decentralized networks, where vehicles interact directly without the need for fixed infrastructure. The routing protocols like SIFT for computer vision and DREAM for mobility modeling, aiming to enhance the overall performance of routing protocols. The performance analysis of DREAM and SIFT protocol measured on performance metrics which includes Delay, Energy, packet loss etc. Additionally, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed, drawing inspiration from bird behavior, to optimize the integrated SIFT and DREAM protocol within VANETs. This interdisciplinary approach holds potential for advancing communication efficiency in extensive ad hoc networks of vehicles.