Efficient Power Loss Reduction and Voltage Enhancement through Transformer Control by Polar Bear Optimization in Distribution Systems

Electricity has evolved into a fundamental necessity for our daily lives, revolutionizing our standard of living with the convenience of devices like rice cookers, grinders, refrigerators, and air conditioners. This growing dependence on electricity has led to an increased demand, outstripping the supply of generated power. The unpredictability of electrical loads can create disparities between power generation and the power demand, resulting in unfavorable consequences, including voltage instability and power losses within the system. The primary aim of this study is to mitigate power losses caused by uncertain load conditions by introducing a tap-changing transformer into the distribution system. To accomplish this, employ the Polar Bear Optimization (PBO) algorithm to regulate the transformer’s tap settings, optimizing power distribution. Our approach is implemented using the IEEE 15Bus system within the MATLAB environment. Additionally, introduce an electric vehicle (EV) charging station into the distribution system to introduce an element of uncertainty in the load profile, simulating real-world conditions and assessing the system’s response. This research offers valuable insights into the enhancement of power distribution systems and the mitigation of power losses in the face of uncertain load conditions, addressing an increasingly pertinent issue in modern energy management.