A Closer Look at Sclera: Emerging Trends in Biometric Security

The usage of sclera as a biometric authentication method is discussed in this article. The traditional fingerprint, face, and iris-based identification methods are only a few and more frequently used examples of the biometric technologies that are used to identify people. In comparison to other ocular based techniques, the periocular area and the sclera’s vasculature have been discussed in the literature considerably less closely. In recent years, scleral biometric identification has grown in significance and popularity. Accurate sclera region segmentation, sclera vessel augmentation, extraction of differentiating traits from the sclera vascular pattern, and classification are difficulties associated with sclera identification. The anatomy of sclera and a number of extraction, enhancement, and matching techniques are included in this paper. This study reviews the databases that are used by several scholars for their investigations. The paper also present effectiveness of several potential techniques based on conventional, machine learning, and deep learning-based approaches. This study has made an effort to raise awareness of the topic because there aren’t many publications on it in the literature with the hope that it would catch academics’ notice.