Dynamic Peripheral Hemoperfusion Distribution Monitoring Based on Janus Flexible Sensor System

Objective:
Peripheral vascular disease is a worldwide leading health concern. Real-time peripheral hemoperfusion monitoring during treatment is essential to plan treatment strategies to improve circulatory enhancement effects.
Methods:
The present work establishes a Janus flexible perfusion (JFP) sensor system for dynamic peripheral hemoperfusion monitoring. We develop a Janus structure design with different Young's modulus to improve the mechanical properties for motion artifacts suppression. Besides, we propose a peripheral perfusion index (PPI) to assess the peripheral hemoperfusion based on an optical perfusion model that is experimentally verified using an in-vitro model. The effectiveness of the system is assessed in three experimental scenarios, including motion artifact-robust test, induced vascular occlusion in upper limb, and peripheral hemoperfusion monitoring with the treatment of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), with comparison with Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).
Results:
The noise level of the traditional rigid sensor is five times that of the JFP sensor within the effective signal frequency domain when there is movement. The PPI can effectively discriminate between different peripheral hemoperfusion states and has a correlation coefficient of 0.92 with the LDF mean values. The kappa statistic between the JFP sensor and LDF is 0.78, indicating substantial agreement between them to estimate the peripheral hemoperfusion improvements during IPC treatment.
Conclusion:
The sensor system we proposed can monitor peripheral hemoperfusion variation in real-time and is insensitive to motion artifacts.
Significance:
The proposed sensing system provides a functional module for real-time estimation of peripheral hemoperfusion during clinical interventions.