AEFA-Enhanced Design for Optimized FODD

In this article, an efficient approach for designing fractional order digital differentiators (FODDs) of both second and fifth orders using the powerful meta heuristic Artificial Electric Field Algorithm (AEF A) is proposed. AEFA simulates the fundamental principles of electrostatic force, as described by Coulomb's law, and the laws of motion established by Newton. The performance metric used for evaluating the quality of designed FODDs is the Mean Absolute Relative Magnitude Error (MARME). The experimental results highlight the exceptional efficacy of AEFA in addressing complex FODD design problems, with the obtained solutions significantly outperforming existing cutting-edge methods.