Pole-Placement and Different PID Controller Structures Comparative Analysis for a DC Motor Optimal Performance

The pole-placement method is a popular technique used in control system design to assign desired closed loop system poles. By strategically placing these poles, the system’s dynamic response can be tailored to meet specific performance requirements. This study focuses on the design and simulation of the pole-placement method and various structures of Proportional-Integral-Derivative PID controllers to determine the best-performing controller for a modeled DC motor. The study explores different PID controller structures, including parallel, series, (PI – D), and (I – PD). In addition, it employs a comprehensive analysis by utilizing a range of performance metrics such as settling time, overshoot, and rise time. The pole placement utilizes the state space technique to assign the desired closed loop poles while the controllers are tuned using Ziegler-Nichols, to achieve optimal performance. The results shows that the (I – PD) controller is the optimal controller for this application, with a rise time of 0.507 seconds, a settling time of 2.3 seconds, and an 0.51% overshoot.