TEM-Wave Excited Single-Layer Printed Metasurface Leaky-Wave Antennas

A single-layer transverse electromagnetic (TEM)-wave-fed planar metasurface on a grounded dielectric substrate for leaky-wave radiation is presented. For transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized aperture fields associated with a radiation pattern, a set of surface waves are introduced and optimized to satisfy the local power balance condition over the penetrable aperture on the substrate. The aperture is fed by the TEM wave of the parallel-plate waveguide inside the copper-clad substrate, resulting in a completely flush structure. A 10-wavelength-long uniform aperture having a broadside radiation pattern is designed, fabricated, and measured.