Influence of physical form of Unit-Cell elements for Reflectarray in radar applications

The design of the unit cell substantially impacts the reflect array of an antenna, as it directly influences important antenna features such as low profile, high gain, and beam steering capabilities. Choosing a unit cell with the necessary reflection phase is crucial to achieving a reflect array design with a significant gain. This research offers a clear explanation of the theory related to the indicated factors linked with the unit cell, particularly the inclination signal of patches in the direction of propagation. This research involved conducting unit cell simulations with multiple scenarios. The purpose of the scenario is to ascertain the angle at which the reflection occurs when the patch is subjected to various incoming signals. The objective is to organize a cell shape into a symmetrical pattern that reflects light. The scenario is executed by altering the physical configuration and orientation of the incoming signal. The physical transformation involves converting the fundamental patch into a ring between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm. Range of angle of arrival spanning from 0 degrees to 45 degrees. The rectangular patch exhibits a consistent S11 value close to 0 when the angle of incidence reaches 30 degrees. However, the reflection phase remains within −180 to 180 degrees in the 24 GHz frequency zone. When the angle of incidence is 0 degrees, circular patches exhibit a consistent S11 value, with a reflection phase that varies between −50 and 50 degrees. Circular patches have greater stability compared to rectangular ones.