Harnessing Photovoltaic Cell Potential: A Thorough Investigation of TiO2 Anti-Reflective Coatings and Silver Nanoparticles, Revealing Intriguing Findings Using Photovoltaic QCRF-FDTD Simulator Simulations

The Photovoltaic QCRF-FDTD Simulator was used to evaluate the performance of solar cells with titanium dioxide (TiO2) anti-reflective coatings both with and without the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Furthermore, the effect of altering the SiO2 protective front layer's thickness on the effectiveness of these solar cells was looked at. Solar cell features such short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and efficiency were studied. The TiO2 layer considerably enhances solar cell efficiency by lowering reflecting losses and enhancing light absorption. The electrical performance of solar cells is improved when AgNPs are employed as a cultivate reflector because they enhance either the Jsc or the Voc. The researchers discovered an optimal thickness for the SiO2 layer, which falls between 200 and 300 nanometers. Similarly, the ideal TiO2 layer thickness has been established to be around 100 nanometers. The greatest efficiency achieved for a solar cell with nanoparticles is 21.879% when the TiO2 layer is placed at a thickness of 100 nanometers, whereas the best efficiency achieved for a solar cell without nanoparticles is 21.4563%. Solar cells with nanoparticles consistently outperform those without nanoparticles across all thickness variations. This research demonstrates the possibility of improving solar cell performance by adding AgNPs into the TiO2 anti-reflective layer.