Nuclear Power Plant Implication on Supply and Demand Projection Analysis: A Case Study in the Sumatra Region

Over the past decade, global warming has exhibited an alarming acceleration, with the power generation sector emerging as a principal contributor to carbon emissions. As a signatory to the Paris Agreement since 2015, Indonesia is committed to transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources to address this pressing challenge. This transition, particularly in a nation with ninety-one operational coal-fired steam power plants as of 2022, predominantly concentrated in Sumatra, demands meticulous planning. To optimize this transition, a meticulous analysis of energy requirements across diverse electricity load categories-encompassing households, commercial, industrial, and transportation-is imperative. This comprehensive analysis forms the cornerstone for projecting electricity supply trends over the next three decades in the event of nuclear energy implementation in Sumatra. We employ LEAP software for simulations spanning from 2021 to 2060. The resulting projection outcomes furnish valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of electricity supply and demand to cater to future energy needs, facilitated by PyPSA. This simulation and analysis yield two distinct scenarios, primarily owing to the implications of the electric vehicle transition. Consequently, two distinct energy demand profiles emerge, distinguishing between electric vehicle charging during daytime and nighttime. After meticulous simulation and analysis, the implications of nuclear energy adoption are found to be favorable, particularly when considering daytime electric vehicle charging.