Multi-mode Non-invasive Highly Sensitive Electromagnetic Fern Shaped Bio-Sensor for Skin, Heart, and Muscle Abnormality Detection

This study presents an innovative microwave technique for the identification of anomalies within the human body, using a new non-invasive electromagnetic (EM) sensor. The method involves the utilization of a new fern-like shaped metallic resonator mounted on a grounded substrate in association with a microwave signal that exhibits three independent resonant modes. Further, the presence of irregularities in the skin, heart muscle, or skeletal muscle of a patient lead to a modification in the reflection coefficient for each of the three resonances, respectively. The dependability of this approach is demonstrated through theoretical analysis, with thorough examination to support it. Three distinct resonant frequencies—2.72 GHz, 5.33 GHz, and 7.76 GHz—are employed to identify three specific abnormalities within the human body. This new single layered compact non-invasive EM sensor not only tracks different abnormalities simultaneously but also diminishes the health hazards linked with alternative diagnostic techniques that involve ionizing radiation.