Design and Analysis of an Octagonal Slotted Patch Microstrip Antenna for Brain Tumor Detection

Brain tumor causes unexpected death throughout the world. Early detection can reduce the mortality rate significantly. This research paper has presented a miniatured, slotted octagonal-shaped, single-fed wearable antenna designed to operate in the 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band to detect and localize brain tumors. The designed antenna is small in size, wide bandwidth, and has promising parameter results for distinguishing between healthy and contaminated brain tissues. To create a prominent antenna and human head phantom model CST Microwave Studio Suite has been used. FR-4 is specifically chosen as the substrate for its flexibility, while copper is utilized for both the patch and the ground. The proposed octagon-shaped slotted antenna has a dimension of 43×40× 8.8 mm
³
. FR-4 has been used as substrate and copper is employed for both the patch and the ground. Six uniform layers of Skin, Fat, Skull, Dura, CSF, and Brain have been incorporated to ensure patient safety. The proposed antenna has been tested using a simulated model of the human head. The simulation results have found a return loss of -50.55db at operation frequency 2.45gHz with around 85% lower Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value than the permissible value. The return loss, radiation pattern, E-Field, H-Field and SAR of the proposed wearable antenna are measured and compared to those of a head phantom model with a 4mm and 6mm tumor implanted in a human brain to simulate the effects of cancer. There is a significant difference in the values of the simulated result between the three scenarios: with and without tumor, with different tumor size, and with varying tumor location relative to the antenna. By analyzing these simulated data, the tumor's location can be determined effectively.