Grating Lobe Suppression in Aperiodic Antenna for Large Phased Array using Genetic Algorithm

In the field of array antenna design, there is a growing demand for high-performance antenna systems with smaller grating lobes. Grating lobes, undesirable secondary lobes that show up in the radiation pattern of array antennas, can interfere with signals, lower their quality, and have a restricted ability to resolve space. Aperiodic arrays have been an appealing way of reducing grating lobes while preserving optimal radiation characteristics in recent years. The design, analysis, and performance assessment of aperiodic arrays for grating lobe reduction are covered in detail in this study.The concept and advantages of aperiodic arrays are introduced, emphasising how they can decrease grating lobes by interrupting the periodicity in the arrangement of the antenna elements. This paper uses genetic algorithm which is a powerful optimization technique that can be applied to find the optimum distance between subarrays in an aperiodic array, leading to a reduction in grating lobes.Through multiple generations, the genetic algorithm narrows down the search space, gradually converging towards the arrangement that yields the lowest grating lobes. The selection of element placements, inter-element spacing, and optimisation strategies are covered as design factors for aperiodic arrays.