Design of 1-bit High Gain Reflectarray Antenna using Dual Reradiating Element

In this paper, the design and analysis of a hybrid configuration of reflectarray antenna for X-band applications is presented. The incident electromagnetic wave is reflected by the combination of a square patch within a square ring (element 1) and a circular patch (element 2). The total 360° phase is obtained by changing the size of the square patch and the radius of the circular patch. This 360° phase is quantized into two states 0 and $\pi$. The phase variation from 0 to 180° is obtained by element 1, and an additional 0° to -180° is obtained by element 2. Each element has a reflection magnitude close to 0 dB with a 360° reflection phase. The hybrid reflectarray provides a high gain, wide bandwidth, and reflected pencil beam in the operating band from 8 GHz to 11 GHz. The maximum realized gain of the reflectarray antenna is 24.5 dBi at 9. 59 GHz, and the 3 dB bandwidth of 1.6 GHz is obtained from 8.8 GHz to 10.4 GHz. The side lobe levels are below -15 dB.