Microstrip Leaky Wave Antenna with Constant & High Gain and High-Efficiency

This paper presents the design and analysis of a microstrip leaky wave antenna (MLWA) aimed at achieving constant and high gain with high efficiency across the X band with only 8 unit cells in the structure. The investigation extends to the introduction of slots in the feeding line to evaluate their impact on antenna parameters. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of slots leads to a slight increase in gain with a maximum Peak Realized Gain of 17.3 dBi and expands the −10 dB impedance bandwidth. Moreover, the presence of slots reduces the grading lobe level as well. Moreover, this antenna is continuously scanning from backwards to forward direction, allowing for a wider scanning range without encountering an open stop band from +40° to −16°. The proposed MLWA configuration exhibits improved performance characteristics, positioning it as a promising solution for diverse wireless communication and radar applications.