Cooperative Power Sharing Can Enhance the Power-flow Balancing in Cyber-Physical Islanded Microgrids

In islanded AC microgrids, cooperative power-sharing is vital for maintaining stable and secure system operation. Nevertheless, merely focusing on consensus objectives in the secondary control layer is insufficient, as it overlooks potential violations of operational constraints, such as power-flow balance during transient periods. This paper introduces conditions for a droop-controlled, inverter-based islanded microgrid system that ensure compliance with all constraints during transient stability under cooperative control and load fluctuations. As a result, robust and reliable system operation is achieved. We first develop a cyber-physical model that combines the microgrid’s physical oscillator network with its secondary information network. Furthermore, we showcase the significant enhancement of power-flow balance constraint satisfaction in a secondary cooperative control system through the allocation of an active power component. Our findings are illustrated using a numerical case study of a power test system.