Distributed Event-Triggered Fixed-Time SMC-Based AGC for Power Systems With Heterogeneous Frequency Regulation Units

It is urgent to exploit additional automatic generation control (AGC) services provided by new frequency regulation units (FRUs) for future power systems with the increasing penetration of the power-converter-interfaced distributed generators. When heterogeneous FRUs with different response speeds operate together, the conventional proportional–integral-based centralized AGC method will face new challenges in parameter design and performance improvement. To explore the potential of heterogeneous FRUs and improve the performance of AGC controllers, this article develops a novel distributed event-triggered fixed-time sliding-mode control (FTSMC)-based AGC approach. First, to make all the FRUs estimate the real area control error (ACE) value, a distributed event-triggered fixed-time ACE discovery algorithm is designed. Then, an FTSMC-based AGC approach is designed to regulate the ACE to allowable value in a fixed time. Finally, to restore the power reservation of rapid-response FRUs, a fixed-time distributed proportional power dispatch approach is designed to improve frequency regulation performance.