A Comprehensive Review on Soil-Enhancement Materials Additive to Grounding System

Among the important influences on grounding systems are soil resistivities, as well as climatic changes such as temperature and humidity. Previous scientific research in soil enhancement materials is constantly improving to reduce soil resistance, and then improve the grounding systems to ensure safety of people and public facilities against the risks of fault current leakage or lightning strike. This paper presents a review based on the scientific analysis of previous research in field of soil-enhancement materials and their types under the influence of low and transient (impulse) testing conditions. The traditional and recent soil-enhancement materials are rearranged and divided into three main categories (natural, chemical, and waste) according to their nature. Then, it will focus on methodology, field, and computational methods of measurement. In addition, the soil-enhancement materials evaluation in grounding system based on their advantages and drawbacks is reported.