Dynamic Conditions Affect the Distance Protection Operation

This paper evaluates the effect of various dynamic conditions on distance protection operation. The considered conditions are switching angle, fault type, source impedance ratio, and fault position. The parameters on which the effect of these conditions is studied are the magnitude of system voltage and decaying de offset fault current, and fault resistance and impedance. The network and component models have been created using the reference network specified in the IEC 60255-121 standard as a foundation. Alternating Transient Program (ATP) is used in this study for simulating of the test power system. Transient Analysis of Control Systems (TACS), on ATP program, is used to simulate resistance and impedance calculation circuit to measure the apparent impedance estimated by the distance relay.