An Efficient Load Frequency Control Technique for Two-Area, Multi-source Interconnected Power Systems Considering Renewables

This paper suggests an efficient load frequency control (LFC) based on a tilted-integral-derivative (TID) controller to approach the frequency stability of multi-area interconnected power systems that contain renewable energy sources (RESs). The studied power system includes two equal areas, each of which contains conventional power plants; reheat-thermal, hydraulic, and gas power plants, and RESs; solar, and wind power plants. Moreover, the proposed TID controller is established with the help of a new optimizer known as the dandelion optimizer (DO). To evaluate the superiority of the proposed DO algorithm, its responses and results are compared with other new optimization algorithms such as the sperm swarm optimizer and black widow optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the superiority and robustness of the proposed TID controller depending on the DO algorithm is confirmed by comparing it with other controllers used in the literature such as the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller. The simulation results of the system response carried out by the software MATLAB show that the proposed TID controller based on the DO algorithm is viable and reliable under a range of load fluctuations and random power generated by RESs.