Examining Factors Affected to Travel Decision During Air Pollution Crisis in Chiang Rai Using Exploratory Factor Analysis

This study examines the complex dynamics of travel behavior during air pollution crises in Chiang Rai, Thailand. It utilizes exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify the underlying determinants that influence individual reactions. The study employs a cross-sectional research approach, utilizing questionnaire surveys distributed to a representative sample of urban residents in Chiang Rai. The data is subjected to thorough analysis using factor analysis techniques. The findings indicate that there are six important factors, Subjective Norm, Intention, Safety, Alternative, Habit, and Risk, that collectively explain 57.1 percent of the variation in travel behavior during air pollution crises. These elements illuminate the impact of society norms, safety concerns, ingrained behaviors, and perceptions of danger on how individuals react to environmental difficulties. The findings provide useful insights for urban planning, public health, and sustainable development, highlighting the necessity for focused actions based on these aspects. This study provides a basis for making well-informed decisions and developing strategies to build resilient urban systems in response to recurring environmental difficulties, particularly those related to air pollution episodes that are a global concern.